Anatomy Anatomical features of the mantle Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {apart from tip} septa clamps abundance

When clamps occur on mantle hyphae then they are often less frequent than on emanating hyphae. They can occur exceptionally, i.e. less than one percent in comparison to simple septa. Clamps are infrequent when they occur up to approximately 1/3 in comparison to simple septa. When more clamps can be found then they are regarded as abundant.

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