Scleroderma citrinum Pers. + Pinus

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Literature

references
  Mohan V, Natarajan K, Ingleby K (1993) Anatomical studies on ectomycorrhizas. III. The ectomycorrhizas produced by Rhizopogon luteolus and Scleroderma citrinum on Pinus patula. Mycorrhiza 3: 51-56.
Raidl S (1997) Studien zur Ontogenie an Rhizomorphen von Ektomykorrhizen. Bibl Mycol 169: 1-184.
Waller K, Raidl S, Agerer R (1993) Die Ektomykorrhizen von Scleroderma citrinum. Z Mykol 59: 141-153.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
or    coralloid
abundance
  abundant, dense
main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  straight
or    bent
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  white
older parts colour
  yellow
or    white
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  forming rings (reticulate)
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
or    concentrated proximally
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  yellowish
or    white
ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
origin location
  proximal
margin habit
  hairy
or    densely enveloped by hyphae
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
septa clamps presence
  present
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Mean (= average)


Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Mean (= average)
shape
  rectangular
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
nodia presence
  present
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Asia
or    Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  known

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Sclerodermataceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    gastroid

Remarks

public notes
  Emanating hyphae with broader distal ends (4-7 um) than at basal regions (2-4 um) and these swollen tips resemble cystidia (Mohan et al. 1993).

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