Tuber borchii Vitt.+ Corylus

Literature

Rauscher T, Müller WR, Agerer R, Chevalier G (1996) Tuber borchii Vitt. + Corylus avellana L. Descr Ectomyc 1: 173-178.
Rauscher T, Müller WR, Chevalier G, Agerer R (1996) Tuber borchii. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 113, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Zambonelli A, Branzanti MB (1984) Prove di micorrizazione del nocciolo con Tuber aestivum e Tuber albidum. Micol Ital 13(1): 47-52.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
	solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.25 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.31 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	straight
or	bent
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.8 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.23 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.27 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	dark brown
or	brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
or	semi-transparent, opaque
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	shiny
or	smooth
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely grainy or warty
or	densely short-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	concentrated distally

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
and	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
	epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• hyphal net cells shape
	not specialized
and	with roundish lobes
• hyphal net cells diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
	distinct, rather thick
• pores between cells presence
	absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	thinner than walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
and	membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
9 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
5	Minimum value
7	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell density
5	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
1 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
or	pseudoparenchymatous
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
11	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
10 µm	Mean (= average)
15 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
18 µm	Minimum value
22 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	paraepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.5 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
17 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	radially-oval to -elliptic
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	apparently two rows deep
or	apparently one and a half row deep
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1.5 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	present
• anastomoses type
	closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
or	closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	as thick as

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
	absent
• septa presence
	present
• septa kind
	simple
• diameter {proximal}
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
30 µm	Minimum value
65 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
85 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
105 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall colour
	brownish
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Minimum value
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
	similar in thickness
• cell wall evenness
	even in thickness
• surface habit
	smooth
or	warty
• contents presence
	absent
• contents type
	absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
or	membranaceously yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	approximately 90°

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
or	inflated
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3.5 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Betulaceae
• plant genus
	Corylus
• plant habitat kind
	nursery

Fungus

• family
	Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes
	Mycorrhizal systems irrgular monopodial-pyramidal; mycorrhizal ends straight to slightly bent; mantle in FeSO4 with dark brown cell walls, in cotton-blue mantle irregularly blue, in safranine no reaction.

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