Quercirhiza araneosa + Quercus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Montecchio L, Rossi S, Grendene A, Causin R, Mutto Accordi S (1999) "Quercirhiza araneosa" + Quercus ilex L. Descr Ectomyc 4: 91-96.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
or    irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
or    coralloid
tips {per 10 mm} number
0     Minimum value
4     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12     Maximum value
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  abundant, dense
main axis diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  mild [peanut taste]
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
shape
  straight
or    bent
or    tortuous [sometimes straight or tortuous]
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white [or whitish]
very tip colour
  unknown
older parts colour
  unknown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    silvery
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.07 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    whitish
or    white
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
or    frequently, at restricted points
or    infrequently, at restricted points
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
or    fan-like
origin location
  not specific
margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
crystals presence
  absent
crystals location
  not applicable
blue granules presence
  absent
blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
location
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
ramification presence-abundance
  not applicable
septa presence
  not applicable
contents colour
  not applicable
cell length
  not applicable
cell diameter
  not applicable
cell wall thickness
  not applicable
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  incomplete
matrix presence
  absent
matrix location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
mound cells diameter
  not applicable
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae arrangement
  not applicable
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
pores between cells presence
  not applicable
pores between cells abundance
  not applicable
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less [less than 90 degree]
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  infrequent
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
and    ampullate at both sides of septum
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
6.5 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Maximum value
cell density
  not applicable
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
cell wall projections presence
  not applicable
cell wall projections abundance
  not applicable
cell wall projections shape
  not applicable
crystals diameter
  not applicable
crystals length
  not applicable
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell shape
  not applicable
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
8 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
33 µm    Maximum value
cell density
  not applicable
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
crystals diameter
  not applicable
crystals length
  not applicable
cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
cell shape
  not applicable
septa thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
septa clamps presence
  present
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  not applicable
cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  not gelatinous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
  not applicable
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
34 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
49 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable [seldom]
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [plectenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous]
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent
rows number
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
tangentially length
  not applicable
radially diameter
  not applicable
mean tangenial length TCt
  not applicable
mean shape-ratio TCq
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm    Minimum value
11 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
41 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
47 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
11 µm    Minimum value
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
42 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
59 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
23.6 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.7     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  not applicable
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  not applicable
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  not applicable
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1.7 µm    Minimum value
2.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.4 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
lobes width
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants kind
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernible [not distinctly]
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [plectenchymatouzs to pseudoparenchymatous]
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent
rows number
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
tangentially length
  not applicable
radially diameter
  not applicable
mean tangential length TCt
  not applicable
mean shape-ratio TCq
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12 µm    Minimum value
17.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
36 µm    Minimum value
40.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
47 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  apparently two rows deep [one row deep]
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  not applicable
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  not applicable
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  not applicable
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
lobes width
  unknown
lobes septa presence
  variable
structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  not applicable
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
or    closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  straight
or    wavy
cell pigment location-colour
  plasmatically brownish
pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  unknown
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  oval
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  thinner than
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    less than a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
or    as broad as
or    broader than
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
abundance
  infrequent
distribution
  unknown

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
19 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
88 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
112 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts [warts rare]
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
presence shape
  not applicable
orientation
  not applicable
diameter
  not applicable
length
  not applicable

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  present
length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  unknown
blue granules location
  not applicable

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
contents presence-kind
  absent
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of sclerotia
internal structure organisation
  not applicable
center structure habit
  not applicable
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  not applicable
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} frequency
  not applicable
{of foreign origin} formed by genus
  not applicable
shape
  not applicable
diameter
  not applicable

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  yellow, yellowish
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  yellow, yellowish
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish througout with medium intensity]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [ochre throughout with medium intensity]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [very light red throughout]

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  unknown
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [bluish]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  unknown
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  unknown
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  not applicable
amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan III presence
  present [absent to light rose]
reaction with sudan IV presence
  present [brown]
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [light orange rose]
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [lilac]
reaction with water presence
  unknown

Ecology

substrate
  in organic layer
soil pH
  pH more than 7
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Quercus

DNA-Analysis

PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
560     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
250     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
3     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
400     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
290     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
120     Mean (= average)

– Item listing –