Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) S. F. Gray + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Mleczko P (2004) Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) S. F. Gray + Pinus sylvestris L. Descr Ectomyk 7/8: 1-10.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
  unknown
abundance
  unknown
main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  medium distance smooth
or    long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
shape
  straight
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering [slightly]
length
0.7 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.5 mm    Mean (= average)
colour
  ochre, yellowish brown [ochre-yellowish]
or    yellowish
or    white
very tip colour
  unknown
older parts colour
  brownish
or    yellowish
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  not applicable
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  smooth [velvety]
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  not applicable
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.024 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.05 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.07 mm    Maximum value
cross-section shape
  unknown
colour
  yellowish
or    whitish [whitish-yellowish]
ramification kind-frequency
  unknown
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
origin location
  unknown
margin habit
  smooth
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
hyphae short protrusions presence
  present
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 90°
and    ca. 120°
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa [often]
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
matrix kind
  unknown
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
cell diameter
4.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
9.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell density
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  unknown
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle [middle mantle layer a transitional form between plectenchyma and pseudoparenchyma]
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  unknown
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer organisation
  unknown
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  unknown
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis [constricted at the ends]
tangentially length
14.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
56 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
radially diameter
8.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mean tangenial length TCt
39.1 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
2.62     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
23.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
48.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
32.7 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  in two rows, not reaching endodermis [rarely three]
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two [exceptionally two]
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
anastomoses type
  unknown
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  homogeneous, brownish [some cells homogeneously yellowish filled]
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
or    approximately 90°
distance {from septum}
  unknown
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  as thick as main part of branch

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
27 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
91 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
nodia presence
  present
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
gelatinized hyphae presence
  present
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  unknown
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
  unknown
shape
  unknown
diameter
  unknown
length
  unknown
distance {between each other}
  unknown
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
presence
  unknown
frequency
  unknown
arrangement
  unknown
diameter
  unknown

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [hyphae blue to light cream (especially hyphae of the mantle surface)]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [mantle hyphae bright yellow]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [hyphae red]

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [mantle violet]
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [mantle blue]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  present [mantle becomes paler]
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with HCl presence
  unknown
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present [15%: manlte darkens]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with methylene blue presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan III presence
  present [oily droplets inside hyphae stain reddish]
reaction with sudan IV presence
  unknown
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [mantle violet pink]
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [manlte violet]
reaction with trypan blue presence
  unknown
reaction with water presence
  unknown
chemical compounds type
  unknown

Ecology

soil pH
  pH 3 - 4 [3,5-4,5]
or    pH 4 - 5 [3,5-4,5]
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Amanitaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –