Clavariadelphus pistillaris (L.) Donk + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Iosifidou P, Raidl S (2006) Clavariadelphus pistillaris (L.) Donk + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 21-25.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
1.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  brownish [due to root colour]
or    whitish
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  unknown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
or    loosely cottony
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  white
after injury colour
  unchanged
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  unknown
origin location
  unknown
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
crystals presence
  present [after dehydration in organic solvents; otherwise droplets]
crystals location
  outer mantle layer
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  unknown
matrix location
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
matrix kind
  unknown
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  variable
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  rough
crystals diameter
  unknown
crystals length
  unknown
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  unknown
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
crystals diameter
  not applicable
crystals length
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
or    pseudoparenchymatous [to somewhat]
matrix kind
  unknown
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two [exceptional three]
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
septal pores configuration
  unknown
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
acanthocystidia side-branches length
  unknown
acanthocystidia side-branches diam
  unknown
septa presence
  absent
diameter {proximal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter {distal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  similar in thickness
cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
surface habit
  warty [granular droplets]
contents presence
  present
contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    epimembranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell contents presence-kind
  homogeneous, brownish
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  unknown
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  present
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [hyphal cytoplasm weakly bluish, destains in water, acanthohyphae/-cystidia darker blue]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  present [bluish green to dull green]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [slightly patchily pinkish]
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  absent

Ecology

substrate
  in mineral soil
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Fagus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Gomphaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

– Item listing –