Tricholoma bufonium (Pers.: Fr.) Gillet + Abies

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Comandini O, Haug I, Rinaldi AC, Kuyper TW (2004) Uniting Tricholoma sulphureum and T. bufonium. Mycol Res 108(10): 1162-1171.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
3.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Maximum value
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  straight
or    bent
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  yellow [with reddish yellow tones]
or    white [with reddish yellow tones]
very tip colour
  yellow
or    yellowish
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
or    loosely stringy
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.35 mm    Mean (= average)
cross-section shape
  flat
colour
  brown [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
or    yellow [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
or    reddish [reddish yellow to reddish brown]
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
or    fan-like
origin location
  not specific
margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) [infrequently]
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  infrequent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    yellowish
cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  rough [sometimes with a sort of incrustation]
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    yellowish
cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  plectenchymatous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer presence
  absent
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
14 µm    Minimum value
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  in two rows, not reaching endodermis [in 2(3) rows]
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae






Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
or    undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Abies
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Tricholomataceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –