Dermocybe holoxantha Gruber & Moser + Pinus

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Literature

references
  Agerer R (1995) Anatomical characteristics of identified ectomycorrhizas: an attempt towards a natural classification. In Varma AK, Hock B (eds.) Mycorrhiza: Structure, function, molecular biology and biotechnology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg pp. 685-734.
Uhl M (1988) Identifizierung und Charakterisierung von Ektomykorrhizen an Pinus silvestris und von Ektomykorrhizen aus der Gattung Tricholoma. Diss Uni München

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
or    irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.35 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  yellow
very tip colour
  yellowish
older parts colour
  yellow
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
or    densely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
colour
  concolourous to mantle
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
or    proximal
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    plasmatically yellowish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not gelatinous
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  not gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Mean (= average)
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
mean tangenial length TCt
36.6 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
4.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  round
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
26.8 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Mean (= average)
shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
mean tangential length TCt
35.8 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
4.1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  round
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
34.5 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
anastomoses type
  closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
or    approximately 90°
side-branches at septum number
  two true (at one height) side-branches at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps hole presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
shape
  round
diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
presence
  present
frequency
  in few cells

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cortinariaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly ramified, sometimes indistinctly forked; mycorrhizal ends mostly bent; mantle in sulfo-vanillin slightly reddish, in FeSO4 dirty yellow, in brillant-cresyl-blue blue; distance of nuclei variable.

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