Arbutirhiza litoralis + Arbutus

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Literature

references
  Meredith RL, Agerer R, Raidl S (2008) “Arbutirhiza litoralis” + Arbutus unedo L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 9-16

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
ramification orders
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  absent
exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  straight
or    bent
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  black [dark brown to nearly black]
or    dark brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous [transitional to pseudoparenchymatous]
mantle type
  occasional patches of roundish cells on the mantle (type F)
and    a net of coarse and irregularly shaped hyphae (type H)
and    angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
hyphae short protrusions presence
  present
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  infrequent
cell shape
  completely irregularly shaped
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell shape
  roundish
or    epidermoid [irregularly lobed, sometimes roundish]
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle [with fewer heaps]
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one [rarely two]
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
anastomoses type
  open, with a long bridge
or    open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
or    closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
or    closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
or    closed by a clamp, with a long bridge
or    closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
or    membranaceously yellowish
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
abundance
  abundant

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of rhizomorphs

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  consistently present [hyphae densely filling epidermal cells, as typical for arbutiod mycorrhiza]
shape
  as normal hyphae

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FEA presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Ericaceae
plant habitat kind
  dwarf shrub vegetation

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