Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. + Pseudotsuga

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Literature

references
  Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV (1990) Identification of ectomycorrhizas. ITE Research Publication no. 5. HMSO, London.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  abundant, dense
main axis diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
or    white
older parts colour
  brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    brownish
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  present
abundance
  infrequent
shape
  globular
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  brown
or    white
formation location
  on the mantle
or    laterally on rhizomorphs

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell diameter
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)



Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps hole presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
abundance
  infrequent
distribution
  not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    inflated
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pseudotsuga
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Paxillaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizae silver-white when young, changing to silvr-buff and then silver-bay with age, and are easily bruised to produce darker patches.

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