Tuber brumale Vitt. + Quercus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Zambonelli A, Salomoni S, Pisi A (1993) Caratterizzazione anatomo-morfologica delle micorrize di Tuber spp. su Quercus pubescens Willd. Micol Ital (3): 73-90.
Fischer CR, Suz LM, Martin MP, Colinas C (2004) Tuber brumale Vitt. + Quercus ilex L. Descr Ectomyc 7/8: 135-141.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
1.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  absent
or    monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
main axis diameter
0.24 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs presence
  absent
exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
shape
  straight
or    beaded [occasionally]
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    inflated, club-shaped
length
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  dark brown
or    brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
very tip colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
older parts colour
  dark brown [to brown-grey]
or    brown
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely short-spiny
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
emanating hyphae distribution
  concentrated distally
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
mantle type
  epidermoid cells (type M)
hyphae arrangement
  not specific
pores between cells presence
  absent
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    membranaceously brownish
cell density
4     Minimum value
4.2     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.4     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10     Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
cell wall projections presence
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell shape
  polygonal [irregularly polygonal]
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
cell length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Maximum value
cell density
10     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Maximum value
cell density
7     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
4     Minimum value
5     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10     Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
16 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
78 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
calyptra cell remnants type
  in one row
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3.6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
ramification presence-position
  absent
septa kind
  simple
septa number
1     Mean (= average)
basal clamp walls abruptly thick
  absent
foot cell presence
  present
diameter {proximal}
3.2 µm    Minimum value
3.6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
diameter {distal}
0.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
21 µm    Minimum value
58 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
155 µm    Maximum value
cell wall colour
  yellowish
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
surface habit
  smooth
contents presence
  absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
cell pigment location-colour
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [slightly yellow]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [slightly red]

Chemical reactions

reaction with acetic acid presence
  absent
reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
reaction with AgNO3 presence
  unknown
reaction with anilin presence
  present [walls swelling up]
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [cell walls dark blue, cystidia walls slightly blue]
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [mantle cell walls blue, cystidia unstained]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FEA presence
  unknown
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [better contrast of cystidia which take a pale grey colour]
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with HCl presence
  unknown
reaction with KJ presence
  unknown
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  unknown
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  dextrinoid
amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  mantle hyphae
reaction with methylene blue presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan III presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan IV presence
  unknown
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
reaction with sulphuric acid presence
  unknown
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [manlte dark blue, cystidial walls uncoloured]
reaction with trypan blue presence
  unknown
reaction with water presence
  unknown

Ecology

soil pH
  pH more than 7
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Quercus
plant habitat kind
  nursery

Fungus

family
  Tuberaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous

Remarks

public notes
  Mycorrhizal ends ochre-brown; cells of inner mantle layers in plan view epidermoid; in longitudinal section one cortical cell layer with Hartig net, in cross-section 1-2 cortical cell layers with Hartig net (Zambonelli et al. 1993).

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