Ramaria aurea (Schaeff. : Fr.) Quel. + Fagus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R (1996) Ramaria aurea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Quel. + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 1: 107-112.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.24 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.21 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.27 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    white
• very tip colour
  whitish
• older parts colour
  black
or    grey
or    white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.21 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  white
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
or    frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
or    fan-like
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip}
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
and    ampullate at one side of septum
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
9 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
85 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  present
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  gelatinous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
or    radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
52 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
9 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
58 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
or    protruding towards endodermis
or    one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
or    in two rows, not reaching endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
39 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
38 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  thicker than
or    as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
• septa presence
  absent
• septa kind
  absent, with basal clamp only
• diameter {proximal}
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  wavy
or    not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  present

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
or    even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
200 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
or    with soil particles
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner
or    considerably thicker, cap-like
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness
or    uneven in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
or    present [walls reddish]
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

• substrate
  in mineral soil
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Ramariaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Outer mantle surface cells with globular to lens-shaped appositions; cystidial outgrowths (= distal ends) 1-1.5 um in diam.; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter blue, with blue-filter green, with green-filter red; in sulfo-vanillin rhizomorphs at thicker portions slightly red, in KOH slightly reddish brown, in cotton-blue walls slightly bluish, in anilin walls reddish.

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