Tuber mesentericum Vitt. + Corylus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Rauscher T, Agerer R, Chevalier G (1995) Ektomykorrhizen von Tuber melanosporum, Tuber mesentericum und Tuber rufum (Tuberales) an Corylus avellana. Nova Hedwigia 61: 281-322.
Rauscher T, Chevalier G (1995) Tuber mesentericum. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 88, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.28 mm    Minimum value
0.36 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.48 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.2 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.25 mm    Minimum value
0.32 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.36 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• older parts colour
  dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    smooth
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
  absent
or    present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
or    concentrated distally
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
and    pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
• mantle type
  angular cells (type L)
• pores between cells presence
  present
• pores between cells abundance
  infrequent
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
10     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• cell wall projections presence
  present
• cell wall projections abundance
  infrequent
• cell wall projections shape
  even in thickness
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
or    membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
8     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
or    membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
17     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
19     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
8 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
15.6 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
33 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
19.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
or    closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A)
• ramification presence-position
  proximal
• branches ramification presence
  absent
• septa presence
  present
• septa kind
  simple
• diameter {proximal}
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
450 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1250 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1510 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall colour
  brownish
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Minimum value
0.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  similar in thickness
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  warty
• contents presence
  absent
• contents type
  absent

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3.5 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.2 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
15 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
44 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  thinner


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  round
or    oval
• diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Corylus
• plant habitat kind
  nursery

Fungus

• family
  Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes
  Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter outer layer and basal parts of cystidia yellowish brown and inner layer brown, with blue-filter outer layer and basal parts of cystidia yellow and inner layer ochre, with green-filter outer layer distinctly orange red and inner layer and basal parts of cystidia orange red; mantle in FeSO4 with greyish-brown cell walls, in brillant-cresyl-blue cell walls of lighter colour, in cotton-blue cell walls irregularly slightly blue, in ethanol cell walls dark brown, in phenole cell walls lighter coloured.

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