|
|
|
|
– Enlarged view – |
| • references | |
| Agerer R, Klostermeyer D, Steglich W (1995) Piceirhiza nigra: An ectomycorrhiza on Picea formed by a species of Thelephoraceae. New Phytol 131: 377-380. Berg B (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. Diss Univ München. Berg B, Gronbach E (1988) Piceirhiza nigra. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 19, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Franz F (1994) Ektomykorrhizen der Fichte: Identifizierung, Ultrastruktur und Mikroelementanalyse (EELS, ESI). Diss Univ Bayreuth. Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-216. Haug I, Pritsch K (1992) Ectomycorrhizal types of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Black Forest. A microscopical atlas. Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe. Weiss M (1988) Ektomykorrhizen von Picea abies. Synthese, Ontogenie und Reaktion auf Umweltschadstoffe. Diss Univ München. |
|
| • length | |
| 3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 16 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 mm | Maximum value |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| or | monopodial-pyramidal |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| solitary or in small numbers | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.4 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.6 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| • exploration type | |
| short distance | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 mm | Maximum value |
| • colour | |
| dark brown | |
| • very tip colour | |
| brown | |
| or | brownish |
| • older parts colour | |
| black | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| brownish | |
| or | concolorous to mantle |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| shiny | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely grainy or warty | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| concentrated proximally | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| cystidia | |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| present | |
| • blue granules location | |
| outer mantle layer | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
| angular | |
| • mantle type | |
| angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K) | |
| • mound cells diameter | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mound cells granular contents | |
| absent | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously brownish | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 16 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell density | |
| 4 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall with globular thickenings | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • blue granules location | |
| within cells | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously brownish | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| star-like | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | membranaceously brownish |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 8 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 23 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 38 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density | |
| 6 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 9 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Minimum value |
| 40 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 12 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 14 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 20 µm | Minimum value |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 90 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 110 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangenial length TCt | |
| 53.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 70.6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 7.2 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7.5 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely | |
| or | tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 45 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 120 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 130 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 14 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 36 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 75.6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 78.8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 3.7 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4.4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 20 µm | Minimum value |
| 23 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 36 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangential length TCt | |
| 30.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32.7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 3.1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 12 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 65 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 14 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 36 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 23.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 33.2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 1.2 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.8 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • type | |
| awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A) | |
| or | bottle-shaped with a straight neck (type B) |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • septa kind | |
| absent, with basal clamp only | |
| or | simple |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 12 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 54 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall colour | |
| brownish | |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| similar | |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thicker | |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents type | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| not striking | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | membranaceously brownish |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| acute | |
| or | approximately 90° |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| adjacent to septum | |
| or | one or two hyphal diam. below the septum |
| or | in considerable distance from the septum |
| • side-branches at septum number | |
| one side-branch at septum | |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps outline {in dorsal view} | |
| oval | |
| • clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view} | |
| thinner than | |
| or | as broad as |
| • clamps outline {in lateral view} | |
| less than a semicircle | |
| or | not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell |
| • clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view} | |
| thinner than | |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • distribution | |
| evenly distributed | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| even | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| simple | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
| 22 µm | Minimum value |
| 35 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 130 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 160 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | rough of warts |
| or | without lens-shaped appositions |
| or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape | |
| hemispherical warts | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall} | |
| as thick as | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| present | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance | |
| occasionally present | |
| • shape | |
| as normal hyphae | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 1 | Minimum value |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| • diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • length | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • septal pores type | |
| as dolipores with perforated parenthesome | |
| • reaction with acid fuchsin presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with anilin presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with ethanol 70% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with formol 40% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with phenole presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with ruthenium-red presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| present | |
| • chemical compounds type | |
| thelephoric acid | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Picea [abies] | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Thelephoraceae ss. Stalpers. excl. Tylospora | |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal ends at most slightly bent; in cross-section tannin cells also half-moon shaped; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with violet cell walls and in total brownish-green, in KOH walls greenish and in total olive, in lactic acid walls brownish-ochre, in brillant-cresyl-blue violet, in cotton-blue walls greenish-brown, in phenole walls olive-green. | |