Boletopsis leucomelaena (Pers. : Fr.) Fayod + Picea

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– Enlarged view –

Literature

references
  Agerer R (1992) Studies on ectomycorrhizae XLIV. Ectomycorrhizae of Boletopsis leucomelaena (Thelephoraceae, Basidiomycetes) and their relationship to an unidentified ectomycorrhiza. Nova Hedwigia 55: 501-518.
Agerer R (1993) Boletopsis leucomelaena. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 75, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.78 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.27 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.39 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  brown
or    yellow
or    white
very tip colour
  brownish
or    violet, dark reddish blue
or    whitish
older parts colour
  black
or    grey
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
or    loosely stringy
Morphology of rhizomorphs
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
or    flat fans
colour
  yellowish
or    white
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
origin location
  proximal
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
and    gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
and    membranaceously blackish
and    plasmatically brownish
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  plasmatically brownish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
or    ring-like
septa clamps presence
  present
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  plectenchymatous
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Minimum value
2     Mean (= average)
3     Maximum value
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
30 µm    Minimum value
55 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
150 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
180 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
mean tangenial length TCt
99.2 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
5.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
23 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
130 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
167 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
72.6 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
2.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
or    one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  present
shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
tangentially length
17 µm    Minimum value
23 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
46 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Maximum value
mean tangential length TCt
35.6 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
3.5     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
49 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
13 µm    Minimum value
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
38 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
23 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  two
or    three
or    several
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  cylindrical
or    beaded
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
or    closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
or    as thick as
anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
or    membranaceously yellowish
drops of exuded pigment presence
  present

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
or    in considerable distance from the septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
abundance
  infrequent
distribution
  not specified

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  inflated, ampullate, trumpet-like at one side
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
or    differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  present
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  present
type
  as oidia
diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  present
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  occasionally present in a tip
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
shape
  round
diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
presence
  present
frequency
  in few cells
diameter
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
reaction with anilin presence
  present
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  amyloid
amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  patches of hyphal walls
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

substrate
  in organically enriched mineral horizon
or    in mineral soil
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  known

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Picea
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Bankeraceae ss. Stalpers
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

Remarks

public notes
  Emanating hyphae at clamps up to 11 um thick; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter yellowish green and emanating hyphae near septa blue, with blue-filter mantle yellowish, with green-filter reddish; mantle in sulfo-vanillin brownish then hyphae dissolving, in KOH turning from yellowish to reddish brown, in FeSO4 greyish green and more distinctly so after addition of water, in brillant-cresyl-blue walls and cytoplasm slightly blue and after addition of water walls blue and cytoplasm violet, in cotton-blue walls and cytoplasm slightly blue, in anilin walls pink; distance of nuclei variable.

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